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イスラエル・パレスチナ紛争4〜国際情勢リテラシー&英語長文聴解Wトレーニング
6
#イスラエル #パレスチナ
英文スクリプト
After World War II, amidst growing international sympathy for Jews who had experienced the Holocaust by Nazi Germany, a weary Britain abandoned its administration of Palestine and entrusted the problem to the newly formed United Nations. In November 1947, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 181, which proposed the partition of Palestine into an Arab state and a Jewish state. Jews accepted this, but Arabs strongly opposed it, viewing the partition as disadvantageous to them. On May 14, 1948, after the British withdrawal, the Jewish side declared the establishment of Israel. In response, Arab states immediately retaliated, and the First Arab-Israeli War erupted. In this war, Israel achieved a decisive victory, occupying and securing more land than stipulated in the UN partition plan. As a result, over 700,000 Palestinians were displaced and became refugees, fleeing to neighboring Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. This event is remembered by Palestinians as Nakba, meaning the Great Catastrophe. The 1949 armistice agreements established the Green Line, an armistice line, which is now the internationally recognized territory of Israel.
Since then, major Arab-Israeli wars have been repeated. The Second Arab-Israeli War (Suez Crisis, 1956) began when Britain, France, and Israel attacked Egypt in response to Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal. In the Third Arab-Israeli War (Six-Day War, 1967), Israel launched a preemptive strike and achieved a decisive victory in just six days. The Fourth Arab-Israeli War (Yom Kippur War, 1973) saw the Arab side deploy an oil strategy, leading to a favorable ceasefire. As a result of the Third Arab-Israeli War, Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights, and East Jerusalem. The West Bank has been under Israeli military occupation since 1967, and currently there are approximately 150 Jewish settlements, meaning Jewish residential areas unilaterally constructed by Israel in Palestinian territory, where over 700,000 Jewish Israelis reside. These settlements have been identified by the International Court of Justice as violations of international law, and their expansion is a major obstacle to peace negotiations. Additionally, since 2002, the construction of a separation barrier has begun, aimed at preventing terrorism by Palestinian militants.
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